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　　Generally, the lathe has a wide range of machining objects, large adjustment plan of spindle speed and feed rate, and can process the surface, end face and internal thread of workpiece. This kind of lathe is mainly operated by workers by hand with low production power. It is suitable for single piece, small batch production and repair workshop.

　　Turret lathe and turning lathe are equipped with turret turret or return wheel turret which can hold more than one tool. They can be used by workers to finish various processes in a single clamping of workpieces, and are suitable for mass production.

　　Automatic lathe can automatically finish the multi process processing of small and medium-sized workpieces according to a certain program, automatically load and unload materials, and repeatedly process a batch of the same workpieces, which is suitable for a large number of production.

　　Multi cutter semi-automatic lathe has single axis, multi axis, horizontal and vertical. The layout of the single axis horizontal lathe is similar to that of the general lathe, but the two sets of tool holders are separately installed in the front and back or up and down of the main shaft, which are used to process disc, ring and shaft workpieces, and the production rate is 3-5 times higher than that of the general lathe.

　　The profiling lathe can imitate the shape and size of the sample plate or sample piece, and automatically end the processing cycle of the workpiece. It is suitable for small batch and batch production of the workpieces with disorderly shape. The production rate is 10-15 times higher than that of the general lathe. There are multiple turrets, multiple shafts, chuck type, vertical type, etc.

　　The spindle of the vertical lathe is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the workpiece is clamped on the horizontal rotary table, and the tool holder moves on the crossbeam or column. It is suitable for machining large, heavy workpieces which are difficult to be installed on general lathe. Generally, it can be divided into two categories: single column and double column.

　　When the shovel lathe is turning, the tool holder periodically moves back and forth in radial direction, which is used for forming the tooth surface of the shovel milling cutter, hob, etc. Generally, it is equipped with a grinding accessory, and a small grinding wheel driven by an independent motor is used to grind the tooth surface.

　　Special lathe is a kind of lathe used to process the specific surface of a certain kind of workpiece, such as crankshaft lathe, camshaft lathe, wheel lathe, axle lathe, roll lathe and ingot lathe.

　　The combined lathe is mainly used for turning processing, but it can also be used for boring, milling, drilling, inserting, grinding and other processing after adding some special parts and accessories. It has the characteristics of "one machine with multiple functions", and is suitable for repair operations on engineering vehicles, ships or mobile repair stations.

　　Large grinder processing plant

　　Grinding machine is a kind of machine which uses grinding tools to grind the workpiece surface.

　　Most grinding machines use high-speed rotating grinding wheel for grinding, and a few use other grinding tools such as oilstone, abrasive belt and free abrasive for processing, such as honing machine, ultra precision machining machine, abrasive belt grinder, grinder and polishing machine.

　　Grinding machine can process materials with higher hardness, such as hardened steel, hard alloy, etc.; it can also process brittle materials, such as glass and granite. The grinder can be used for grinding with high precision and small surface roughness, as well as for grinding with high power, such as power grinding.

　　Grinder is one of the most kinds of metal cutting machine tools. The main types are external grinder, internal grinder, surface grinder, centerless grinder, east-west grinder, etc.

　　The external grinder is the most widely used grinder, which can process all kinds of cylindrical and conical surface and shoulder end face. The all-round external grinding machine also has the internal grinding accessories, which can grind the inner hole and the inner and outer conical surfaces with large taper. However, the degree of automation of the external grinder is relatively low, which is only suitable for the production and repair of small and medium batches of single pieces.

　　The grinding wheel spindle speed of internal grinder is very high, which can grind the cylindrical and conical inner hole surface. Generally, internal grinder is only suitable for single piece and small batch production. The automatic and semi-automatic internal grinder can measure automatically in the processing besides the operation cycle, and is mostly used in mass production.

　　The workpiece of the surface grinder is generally clamped on the worktable, or fixed on the electromagnetic worktable by the electromagnetic suction, and then grinds the workpiece plane with the periphery or end face of the grinding wheel; the centerless grinder generally refers to the centerless cylindrical grinder, that is, the workpiece is not centered and supported by the center or the chuck, and the workpiece is grinded on the cylindrical surface as the positioning surface, and the workpiece is located between the grinding wheel and the guide wheel, supported by the support plate This kind of grinder has high production power, is easy to complete automation, and is mostly used in mass production.

　　The East-West grinder is a grinder specially used for East-West production and knife edge grinding. It has all-around East-West grinder, bit edge grinder, broach edge grinder, east-west curve grinder, etc. it is mostly used in the East-West production plant and the East-West workshop of the mechanical production plant.

　　The abrasive belt grinder takes the fast moving abrasive belt as the grinding tool, the workpiece is supported by the conveyor belt, the power is several times higher than other grinding machines, and the power consumption is only a fraction of other grinding machines. It is mainly used for processing large-scale plates, heat-resistant and difficult to process materials and many produced plane parts.

　　Specialized grinding machine is a kind of grinding machine specially for grinding certain parts, such as crankshaft, camshaft, spline shaft, guide rail, blade, bearing raceway, gear and thread, etc. In addition to the above categories, there are honing machine, grinder, coordinate grinder and billet grinder.

　　Grinder knowledge

　　Generally, when grinding on a hand-operated surface grinder, it is necessary to use a wheel dresser to repair the arc. Align the arc radius of the workpiece with that of the wheel dresser. First try to grind out the arc and use the R gauge to check whether it has light transmission. If it has no light transmission, it can be grinded continuously. If the light transmission clarifies that the arc is inaccurate, large or small, it is necessary to adjust the coordinate position of the stone washing pen on the wheel dresser and adjust the grinding until the light transmission between the R gauge and the workpiece stops. If the requirement is not high, it is also allowed to have a little light penetration. Inside R outside R